Patients

PATIENTS

At Medoz Pharmacy, you’re a client, not a patient.

Your condition shouldn’t take over your life. 

With Medoz Pharmacy on your team, your condition will be managed efficiently, ensuring you get the meds and therapies you need when you need them. 

Plus, our around-the-clock patient support helpline means there’s always help available for you.

Become an expert right here.

If knowledge is power, learning about your condition is key to managing it.

Allergic Asthma

Bone Disease

Cardiovascular Disease

Crohn’s Disease

Multiple Sclerosis

Oncology

Osteoporosis

Osteoarthritis

Psoriasis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Ulcerative Colitis

Whatever your condition, we’re here to support you.

Don’t see your condition listed above?

Become an expert right here.

If knowledge is power, learning about your condition is key to managing it.

Allergic Asthma

Bone Disease

Cardiovascular Disease

Crohn’s Disease

Hemophilia

Hepatitis C

Multiple Sclerosis

Oncology

Osteoporosis

Osteoarthritis

Psoriasis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Ulcerative Colitis

Whatever your condition, we’re here to support you.

Don’t see your condition listed above?

Your Privacy

Your medical history is personal; we get that. Don’t worry, we won’t share your private information with anyone without your consent.

If you’re okay with it, sharing medical data will allow us to collaborate more effectively with physicians and drug providers. 

Any information shared is done so in compliance with the legal framework known as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act).

Allergic Asthma

Allergic Asthma is a condition where inflammation of the airways (in patients suffering from Asthma) is caused by the
immune system’s overreaction to certain allergic reactions.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Asthma is caused by inflammation in the airways. The muscles surrounding the airways restrict, limiting the amount of air that can pass through, causing a wheezing sound. Asthma symptoms and attacks can be triggered in patients with sensitivities to certain allergens and allergy-causing substances. Depending on severity, an asthma attack can last minutes to days and will become dangerous if airflow is seriously restricted. Patients who suffer from asthma can have a history (individually or genetically) of allergens, including hay fever or eczema. Other patients may have no history at all. Some common Allergic Asthma triggers could include:

  • Pollen
  • Mold
  • Weather
  • Chemicals in food or the air
  • Dust
  • Pet hair or dander
  • Cigarette smoke
  • Respiratory infections
  • Stress
  • Exercise
Symptoms
  • Coughing with a possible presence of sputum (otherwise known as phlegm)
  • Intercostal retractions
  • Shortness of breath which increases during physical activity
  • Wheezing

Anemia

Anemia is a condition where the body does not produce an adequate amount of red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues.

There are many types of Anemia:

  • Anemia due to B12 deficiency
  • Anemia due to folate deficiency
  • Anemia due to iron deficiency
  • Hemolytic anemia
  • Hemolytic anemia due to G-6-PD deficiency
  • Idiopathic aplastic anemia
  • Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • Immune hemolytic anemia
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Pernicious anemia
  • Secondary aplastic anemia
  • Sickle cell anemia
Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Hemoglobin, which gives blood cells their red color, is the protein that carries the oxygen within a red blood cell. Patients with anemia have deficiencies in hemoglobin. Depending on the type of anemia you have, the cause may vary. Some possible causes for anemia include:

  • Certain medications
  • Diseases such as cancer or rheumatoid arthritis
  • Genes — some forms of anemia can be inherited
  • Kidney failure
  • Blood loss (for example, from heavy menstrual periods)
  • Poor diet
  • Pregnancy
  • Problems with bone marrow (where blood cells are made)
  • Problems with the immune system that cause the destruction of blood cells
  • Surgery to the stomach or intestines that reduces the absorption of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid
Symptoms

Symptoms experienced by Anemia patients include:

  • Chest pain
  • Dizziness or light-headedness (especially when standing up or with exertion)
  • Fatigue or lack of energy
  • Headaches
  • Problems concentrating
  • Shortness of breath (especially during exercise)

Patients have also been known to experience other symptoms such as constipation, tingling sensations and problems thinking.

Bone Disease

Bone diseases can make bones easy to break.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

As you age, you body’s production of bone decreases, slowing to the point where you can no longer create new
bone as quickly as your body removes old bone.

Ensuring that you get enough calcium, vitamin D and exercise can help prevent bone loss as you age and
promote strong, healthy bones when you are young.

Some of the different types of bone problems include low bone density and osteoporosis, making your bones
easy to break. Conditions such as Osteogenesis imperfecta can make your bones weak and brittle. It is also
possible for your bones to develop cancer and infections.

Certain genetic conditions and poor nutrition can also cause bone diseases and hinder your ability to grow
new bone as you age.

Symptoms
  • Frequently breaking bones
  • Pain in the hip
  • Headaches or skull pain
  • Limited range of mobility
  • Difficulty walking
  • Dental problems

Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular Diseases are heart conditions that include structural problems, blood clots
and diseased vessels caused by the buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Cardiovascular disease most commonly indicates conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels and
that, when left unchecked, may lead to a heart attack, stroke or chest pain. Other conditions, like those
that impact the heart’s muscle and valves, can also be considered types of heart disease.

Fatty buildup of plaques in your arteries, otherwise known as atherosclerosis, is the most common cause of
Cardiovascular Diseases. The plaque buildup thickens, stiffening artery walls and prohibiting blood flow
through your arteries to organs and tissues.

Most forms of Cardiovascular Disease can be treated or even prevented with healthy lifestyle choices and
exercise.

Symptoms
  • Fatigue
  • Shortness of breath
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Chest pain
  • Fainting
  • Loss of breath during exertion
  • Swollen legs, feet and ankles
  • Pale gray or blue skin color (known as cyanosis)

Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It usually affects the intestines, but may occur anywhere from the mouth to the end of the rectum (anus).

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

While the exact cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown, the condition is linked to a problem with the body’s immune system response.

Normally, the immune system helps protect the body, but with Crohn’s disease the immune system can’t tell the difference between normal body tissue and foreign substances. The result is an overactive immune response that leads to chronic inflammation. This is called an autoimmune disorder.

People with Crohn’s disease have ongoing (chronic) inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn’s disease may occur in any area of the digestive tract. There can be healthy patches of tissue between diseased areas. The inflammation causes the intestinal wall to become thick.

There are different types of Crohn’s disease, depending on the part of the gastrointestinal tract that is affected. Crohn’s disease may involve the small intestine, the large intestine, the rectum, or the mouth.

A person’s genes and environmental factors seem to play a role in the development of Crohn’s disease. The body may be overreacting to normal bacteria in the intestines. The disease may occur at any age, but it usually occurs in people between ages 15 – 35. Risk factors include:

  • Family history of Crohn’s disease
  • Jewish ancestry
  • Smoking
Symptoms

Symptoms depend on what part of the gastrointestinal tract is affected. Symptoms range from mild to severe, and can come and go with periods of flare-ups.

  • Abdominal (belly area) pain/cramps
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Loss of appetite
  • Pain with passing stool (tenesmus)
  • Persistent, watery diarrhea
  • Unintentional weight loss

Other symptoms may include:

  • Constipation
  • Eye inflammation
  • Fistulas (usually around the rectal area, may cause draining of pus, mucus, or stools)
  • Joint pain
  • Liver inflammation
  • Mouth ulcers
  • Rectal bleeding and bloody stools
  • Skin lumps or sores (ulcers)
  • Swollen gums

Eczema

Eczema is a chronic skin disorder causing itchy and rough or scaly rashes. Patients may also experience blisters or peeling skin.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The most common form of eczema is called Atopic eczema, which is caused by a hypersensitivity in the skin (similar to an allergy), leading to long-term inflammation.

Although doctors do not know the exact cause of eczema, it is widely agreed upon that it is most likely caused by a combination of factors, including: patient’s environment, defects in the skin’s barrier allowing germs in and moisture out, immune system abnormalities, skin sensitivities and genetics.

People suffering from eczema typically have a family history of various allergic conditions including hay fever, eczema or asthma.

Symptoms
  • Blisters
  • Skin color changes, inflammation or redness
  • Licheninfication (thickened or leather like areas of the skin after long-term inflammation)
  • Ear discharge
  • Raw skin from scratching

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a hereditary condition that causes patients to experience atypical bleeding due to the lack of blood clotting proteins in the blood’s plasma. There are two distinct types of hemophilia.

Hemophilia A is a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a lack of blood clotting factor VIII. Patients with significant deficiencies in factor VIII will present more severe symptoms.

Hemophilia B is also a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a lack of blood clotting factor IX. Patients suffering from a factor IX deficiency are unable to properly clot blood and control their bleeding.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Because men carry one X-Chromosome, the likelihood of having Hemophilia is far greater in males as the deficiency in factor XIII and IX cannot be compensated by the second X-Chromosome (as it can in females).

All female children of men with hemophilia carry the defective gene. Genetic testing is available for concerned parents.

Risk factors include family history of bleeding and being male.

Symptoms
  • Prolonged bleeding after circumcision (in some cases)
  • Extreme bruising
  • Swollen, painful and tender muscles and joints
  • Gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract hemorrhaging
  • Nosebleeds
  • Excessive bleeding from cuts, tooth extraction and surgery
  • Spontaneous bleeding
  • Blood appearing in urine or stool

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a viral disease that leads to swelling (inflammation) of the liver.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Hepatitis C infection is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). People who may be at risk for hepatitis C
are those who:

  • Have been on long-term kidney dialysis
  • Have regular contact with blood at work (for instance, as a health care worker)
  • Have unprotected sexual contact with a person who has hepatitis C (this is much less common, but the
    risk is
    higher for those who have many sexual partners, already have a sexually transmitted disease, or are
    infected
    with HIV)
  • Inject street drugs or share a needle with someone who has hepatitis C
  • Received a blood transfusion before July 1992
  • Received a tattoo or acupuncture with contaminated instruments (the risk is very low with licensed,
    commercial
    tattoo facilities)
  • Received blood, blood products, or solid organs from a donor who has hepatitis C
  • Share personal items such as toothbrushes and razors with someone who has hepatitis C (less common)
  • Were born to a hepatitis C-infected mother (this occurs in about 1 out of 20 babies born to mothers
    with HCV,
    which is much less common than with hepatitis B)

Hepatitis C has an acute and chronic form. Most people who are infected with the virus develop chronic
hepatitis C.

About 1.5% of the U.S. population is infected with HCV.

Symptoms
  • Most people who were recently infected with hepatitis C do not have symptoms. About 10% have jaundice that gets better.

    Of people who get infected with HCV, most develop chronic HCV infection. Usually there
    are no symptoms.

    If the infection has been present for many years, the liver may be permanently
    scarred, a condition called cirrhosis. In many cases, there may be no symptoms of the disease until
    cirrhosis has developed.

  • Abdominal pain (right upper abdomen)
  • Abdominal swelling (due to fluid called ascites)
  • Bleeding from the esophagus or stomach (due to dilated veins in the esophagus or stomach called
    varices)
  • Dark urine
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Itching
  • Jaundice
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea
  • Pale or clay-colored stools
  • Vomiting

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is a virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids, attacking the body’s immune system and more specifically T cells – which are critical for fighting infections. HIV reduces the number of T cells, making the patient more likely to get other infections or infection-related cancers.

Even with proper treatment, HIV stays with those that are afflicted with it for life. The human body cannot get rid of HIV completely. If left untreated, HIV can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

There is currently no cure for HIV.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

HIV can only be caused by specific activities. Needle/syringe use and sexual behaviors are the most common HIV causing activities.

Specific bodily fluids from a person carrying HIV will transmit the virus, including blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids and breast milk. These very specific fluids must come in contact with a mucous membrane, damaged tissue or must be injected directly into the bloodstream.

In less common occurrences, it is possible to pass HIV from mother to child during pregnancy, child birth or breastfeeding.

HIV is not spread through saliva.

HIV can affect anyone regardless of race, gender, age, ethnicity or sexual orientation. Certain demographical groups are at higher risk for contracting HIV. Gay and bisexual men have the highest diagnosis frequency, followed by the African American and Latino communities. Drug users remain at significant risk for HIV contraction.

Symptoms

It is extremely important to note that you cannot rely on the presence of symptoms to determine if you have contracted HIV. THE ONLY WAY TO KNOW IF YOU HAVE CONTRACTED HIV IS TO GET TESTED.

Early Stage Symptoms

  • Flu-like symptoms 2-4 weeks after infection
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Rash
  • Night sweats
  • Sore throat
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle pain
  • Enlarged lymph nodes
  • Mouth ulcers

Clinical Latency Stage

  • Can last for up to a decade without treatment. With proper treatment, patients can live full lives spanning many decades
  • Patients are still able to transmit the disease during this stage, although the virus reproduces at a much slower pace

Progression to AIDS – After prolonged exposure to HIV without proper treatment, the virus will progress to AIDS, the late stage of the HIV infection. These symptoms include:

  • Rapid weight loss
  • Recurring fever and night sweats
  • Pneumonia
  • Mouth, anus or genital sores
  • Lingering swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin or neck
  • Extreme tiredness
  • Diarrhea lasting longer than a week
  • Memory loss and other neurological disorders

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Lupus is a long-term autoimmune disorder that may affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which means the body’s immune system mistakenly
attacks healthy tissue. This leads to long-term (chronic) inflammation.

The underlying causes of autoimmune diseases are not fully known.

SLE is much more common in women than men. It may occur at any age, but appears most often in people between
the ages of 10 and 50. African Americans and Asians are affected more often than people from other races.

SLE may also be caused by certain drugs. For information on this cause, see Drug-induced lupus erythematosus.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person, and may come and go. Almost everyone with SLE has joint pain and
swelling. Some develop arthritis. Frequently affected joints are the fingers, hands, wrists, and knees.

  • Chest pain when taking a deep breath
  • Fatigue
  • Fever with no other cause
  • General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise)
  • Hair loss
  • Mouth sores
  • Sensitivity to sunlight
  • Skin rash — a “butterfly” rash over the cheeks and bridge of the nose affects about half of people
    with SLE.
    The rash gets worse in sunlight. The rash may also be widespread.
  • Swollen lymph nodes

Other symptoms depend on what part of the body is affected:

  • Brain and nervous system: headaches, numbness, tingling, seizures, vision problems, personality
    changes
  • Digestive tract: abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
  • Heart: abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
  • Lung: coughing up blood and difficulty breathing
  • Skin: patchy skin color, fingers that change color when cold (Raynaud’s phenomenon). Some patients
    only have
    skin symptoms. This is called discoid lupus.

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disabling disease of the central nervous system.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The actual cause of MS is unknown.  With MS, the immune systems attacks the myelin, or protective sheath,
covering the nerve endings, ultimately causing communication issues between a patient’s brain and the rest
of their body. Over time, the disease can cause the nerves to deteriorate to a point where they become
permanently damaged.

It is not clear why certain people develop MS and others do not. It is believed that a combination of
genetics and environmental factors are responsible for a MS diagnosis.

People ages 15-60 are at the highest risk for developing MS. Women are nearly twice as likely as men to
develop MS and a family history of MS will increase your risk of developing the disease. Caucasian people,
particularly those of Northern European decent are at the highest risk of developing MS. The African
American community is the lowest risk.

Symptoms
  • Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs, normally occurring on one side of the body
  • Double vision
  • Tingling or pain in certain parts of the body
  • Slurred speech
  • Lack of coordination or unsteadiness
  • Partial or complete loss of vision
  • Fatigue
  • Bowel and bladder issues

Oncology

Oncology/Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancerous cells
are also called malignant cells.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Cells are the building blocks of living things. Cancer grows out of normal cells in the body. Normal cells
multiply when the body needs them and die when the body doesn’t need them. Cancer appears to occur when the
growth of cells in the body is out of control and cells divide too quickly. It can also occur when cells
forget how to die. There are many different kinds of cancers. Cancer can develop in almost any organ or
tissue, such as the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve tissue. There are many causes of cancers,
including:

  • Benzene and other chemicals
  • Drinking excess alcohol
  • Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of poison that can grow on
    peanut plants
    (aflatoxins)
  • Excessive sunlight exposure
  • Genetic problems
  • Obesity
  • Radiation
  • Viruses

However, the cause of many cancers remains unknown.

The most common cause of cancer-related death is lung cancer.

The three most common cancers in men in the United States are:

In women in the United States, the three most common cancers are:

Some cancers are more common in certain parts of the world. For example, in Japan, there are many cases of
stomach cancer but in the United States this type of cancer is rare. Differences in diet can play a role.
Some other types of cancers include:

Symptoms

Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer. For example, lung cancer can cause
coughing, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Colon cancer often causes diarrhea, constipation, and blood in
the stool.

Some cancers may not have any symptoms at all. In certain cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, symptoms often
do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage.

  • Chills
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Loss of appetite
  • Malaise
  • Night sweats
  • Weight loss

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Osteoporosis is caused by the body’s inability to produce enough new bone or when too much old bone is absorbed by the body (or a combination of both).

The leading causes of osteoporosis are a drop in estrogen in women at the time of menopause and a drop in testosterone in men. Women over age 50 and men over age 70 have a higher risk for osteoporosis. It is estimated that 1 in 5 American women over 50 years of age suffer from osteoporosis.

Risk factors include smoking, calcium deficiencies in your diet, low body weight, family history, overconsumption of alcohol and absence of menstrual cycle for long periods of time.

Other causes include:

  • Being confined to a bed
  • Chronic rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease and eating disorders
  • Taking corticosteroid medications (prednisone, methylprednisolone) every day for more than 3 months, or taking some antiseizure drugs
  • Hyperparathyroidism
Symptoms
  • Bone pain or tenderness
  • Fractures with little or no trauma
  • Loss of height (as much as 6 inches) over time
  • Lower back pain due to fractures of the spinal bones
  • Neck pain due to fractures of the spinal bones
  • Stooped posture or kyphosis, also called a “dowager’s hump”

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, permanently damaging the flexible tissue at the end of bones over time. It most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints deteriorates over time. Cartilage is a firm tissue that allows pain-free, frictionless joint motion.

Patients suffering from Osteoarthritis will develop rough surfaces of the cartilage. If, over time, the cartilage completely wears down, patients may experience bone rubbing on bone.

Osteoarthritis is most common as age increases. It is more likely to appear in white, overweight (or obese) women. Patients who have sustained serious joint injuries from sports or accidents are at risk of developing Osteoarthritis. It is possible to inherit Osteoarthritis due to genetics.

Symptoms
  • Pain
  • Tenderness in joints
  • Joint stiffness
  • Loss of flexibility
  • Bone on bone grating sensation
  • Bone spurs

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common skin condition causing the skin to become irritated and red. Patients with psoriasis typically have thick, scaly red skin.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Psoriasis is a very common condition that can impact people at any age. Its appearance on the body can
happen gradually or rapidly with flare ups occurring repeatedly over time. Psoriasis is not contagious.

Doctors believe psoriasis is caused by the immune system mistaking healthy cells for dangerous or foreign
substances. The process of new skin cell generation, which grow deep in the skin and typically take a month
to rise to the surface of the skin, is sped up. This causes dead skin cells to rapidly build up on the
surface of the skin. Some triggers including: dry air or skin, bacterial or viral infections, skin injuries,
certain medications, stress, too little or too much sun and excessive alcohol consumption.

Psoriasis is believed to be an inherited disorder, meaning it is passed down through families. It can be
more severe in patients with weakened immune systems, including those suffering from AIDS/HIV, autoimmune
disorders or those receiving chemotherapy for cancers.

  • Erythrodermic: Intense redness, covering large areas of the skin
  • Guttate: Small, pink-red spots on the skin
  • Inverse: Redness of the armpits, groin and between folds in the skin
  • Plaque: The most common form of psoriasis where thick, red patches of skin are covered by flaky
    scales
  • Pustular: White blisters surrounded by inflamed, red patches of skin
Symptoms
  • Dry, scaly skin
  • Pink-red skin color
  • Raised and thick patches on the skin
  • Genital lesions in males
  • Achy joints
  • Changes in the color or thickness of nails
  • Severe dandruff

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a long-term disease that leads to inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues. It can also affect other organs.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis is unknown. It is an autoimmune disease, which means the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue.

Rheumatoid Arthritis can occur at any age, but is more common in middle age. Women get Rheumatoid Arthritis more often than men. Infection, genes, and hormone changes may be linked to the disease.

Symptoms

Rheumatoid Arthritis usually affects joints on both sides of the body equally. Wrists, fingers, knees, feet, and ankles are the most commonly affected areas. The disease often begins slowly, usually with only minor joint pain, stiffness, and fatigue.

Joint symptoms may include:

  • Morning stiffness, which lasts more than 1 hour, is common. Joints may feel warm, tender, and stiff when not used for an hour.
  • Joint pain is often felt on the same joint on both sides of the body.
  • Over time, joints may lose their range of motion and may become deformed.

Other symptoms include:

  • Chest pain when taking a breath (pleurisy)
  • Dry eyes and mouth (Sjogren’s syndrome)
  • Eye burning, itching, and discharge
  • Nodules under the skin (usually a sign of more severe disease)
  • Numbness, tingling, or burning in the hands and feet

Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative Colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), causing prolonged inflammation and sores of the digestive tract.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Ulcerative Colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), causing prolonged inflammation and sores of the
digestive tract. The disease impacts the innermost lining of the large intestine and rectum. Symptoms can
take time to develop, rather than appearing suddenly.

Complications from Ulcerative Colitis are debilitating and can be life-threatening in some severe cases.
Ulcerative Colitis has no known cure, but treatment can significantly reduce symptoms of the disease.
Long-term remission is possible with proper treatment. While doctors now know stress and diet are not the
main causes of Ulcerative Colitis, it is assumed that they may aggravate the disease.

Heredity may also increase your risk of developing Ulcerative Colitis. Ulcerative Colitis tends to present
itself before the age of 30, but it is possible to appear at any age, up to the age of 60. While Ulcerative
Colitis can appear in any race,  people coming from white, Jewish (Ashkenazi descent) backgrounds are at the
highest risk.

Symptoms
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • Abdominal cramping
  • Rectal pain and/or bleeding
  • Sudden and urgent need to defecate. Sometimes inability to defecate will present itself
  • Failure to grow (in children)